11/14/2022 0 Comments Grounded theory qualitative research![]() GROUNDED THEORY QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CODEOnce a basic set of concepts are identified, these concepts can then be used to code the remainder of the data, while simultaneously looking for new concepts and refining old concepts. Concepts can be named using the researcher’s own naming convention or standardized labels taken from the research literature. Simple concepts such as “organizational size” may include just a few words of text, while complex ones such as “organizational mission” may span several pages. The coding unit may vary with the concepts being extracted. Some concepts may be simple, clear, and unambiguous while others may be complex, ambiguous, and viewed differently by different participants. Each concept is linked to specific portions of the text (coding unit) for later validation. The researcher examines the raw textual data line by line to identify discrete events, incidents, ideas, actions, perceptions, and interactions of relevance that are coded as concepts (hence called in vivo codes ). Open coding is a process aimed at identifying concepts or key ideas that are hidden within textual data, which are potentially related to the phenomenon of interest. Strauss and Corbin (1998) describe three coding techniques for analyzing text data: open, axial, and selective. To ensure that the theory is based solely on observed evidence, the grounded theory approach requires that researchers suspend any preexisting theoretical expectations or biases before data analysis, and let the data dictate the formulation of the theory. The interpretations are “grounded in” (or based on) observed empirical data, hence the name. The technique was developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) in their method of constant comparative analysis of grounded theory research, and further refined by Strauss and Corbin (1990) to further illustrate specific coding techniques – a process of classifying and categorizing text data segments into a set of codes (concepts), categories (constructs), and relationships. How can you analyze a vast set qualitative data acquired through participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, narratives of audio/video recordings, or secondary documents? One of these techniques for analyzing text data is grounded theory – an inductive technique of interpreting recorded data about a social phenomenon to build theories about that phenomenon. Interested readers are referred to more authoritative and detailed references such as Miles and Huberman’s (1984) seminal book on this topic. This chapter provides a brief overview of some of these qualitative analysis strategies. A creative and investigative mindset is needed for qualitative analysis, based on an ethically enlightened and participant-in-context attitude, and a set of analytic strategies. The emphasis in qualitative analysis is “sense making” or understanding a phenomenon, rather than predicting or explaining. Unlike quantitative analysis, which is statistics driven and largely independent of the researcher, qualitative analysis is heavily dependent on the researcher’s analytic and integrative skills and personal knowledge of the social context where the data is collected. Qualitative analysis is the analysis of qualitative data such as text data from interview transcripts. ![]()
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